<?php

/**
 * Utility methods
 *
 * @package Simple Lightbox
 * @subpackage Utilities
 * @author Archetyped
 *
 */
class SLB_Utilities {

	/* Properties */

	/**
	 * Instance parent
	 * @var object
	 */
	private $_parent = null;

	/**
	 * Plugin metadata
	 *
	 * @since 1.5.5 Stores plugin headers.
	 * @since 2.0.0 Visibility set to private.
	 * @since 2.2.0 Expanded to include all plugin metadata.
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $plugin_meta = array(
		'base'    => null,
		'file'    => null,
		'name'    => null,
		'data'    => null,
		'uri'     => null,
		'headers' => array(
			'Name'        => 'Plugin Name',
			'PluginURI'   => 'Plugin URI',
			'SupportURI'  => 'Support URI',
			'Version'     => 'Version',
			'Description' => 'Description',
			'Author'      => 'Author',
			'AuthorURI'   => 'Author URI',
		),
	);

	/**
	 * Plugin base path
	 * @var string
	 */
	private $_path_base = null;

	/**
	 * Standard hook priorities
	 * @var array
	 */
	private $_priorities = array(
		'high'                 => 1,
		'low'                  => 99,
		'safe'                 => 15,
		'client_footer_output' => 25,
	);

	/* Constructors */

	function __construct( $obj ) {
		if ( is_object( $obj ) ) {
			$this->_parent = $obj;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns callback array to instance method
	 * @param object $obj Instance object
	 * @param string $method Name of method
	 * @return array Callback array
	 */
	function m( $obj, $method = '' ) {
		if ( is_string( $obj ) ) {
			$method = $obj;
			$obj    = null;
		}
		if ( ! is_object( $obj ) && isset( $this ) ) {
			$obj = $this;
		}
		$cb = array( $obj, $method );
		return $cb;
	}

	/* Helper Functions */

	/*-** Prefix **-*/

	/**
	 * Get valid separator
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Separator supplied
	 * @return string Separator
	 */
	function get_sep( $sep = false ) {
		if ( is_null( $sep ) ) {
			$sep = '';
		}
		return ( is_string( $sep ) ) ? $sep : '_';
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve class prefix (with separator if set)
	 * @param bool|string $sep Separator to append to class prefix (Default: no separator)
	 * @return string Class prefix
	 */
	function get_prefix( $sep = null ) {
		$sep    = $this->get_sep( $sep );
		$prefix = ( ! empty( $this->_parent->prefix ) ) ? $this->_parent->prefix . $sep : '';
		return $prefix;
	}

	/**
	 * Check if a string is prefixed
	 * @param string|array $text Text to check for prefix
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Separator used
	 */
	function has_prefix( $text, $sep = null ) {
		if ( empty( $text ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		if ( ! is_array( $text ) ) {
			$text = array( $text );
		}
		$text = array_values( $text );
		$text = $text[0];
		return ( ! empty( $text ) && stripos( $text, $this->get_prefix( $sep ) ) === 0 );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepend plugin prefix to some text
	 * @param string|array $text Text to add to prefix
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Text used to separate prefix and text
	 * @param bool $once (optional) Whether to add prefix to text that already contains a prefix or not
	 * @return string Text with prefix prepended
	 */
	function add_prefix( $text, $sep = '_', $once = true ) {
		// Normalize data type (array)
		if ( empty( $text ) ) {
			$text = array( '' );
		}
		if ( ! is_array( $text ) ) {
			$text = array( $text );
		}
		// Add prefix (if necessary)
		if ( ! $once || ( $once && ! $this->has_prefix( $text, $sep ) ) ) {
			array_unshift( $text, $this->get_prefix() );
		}
		return implode( $sep, $text );
	}

	/**
	 * Prepend uppercased plugin prefix to some text
	 * @param string|array $text Text to add to prefix
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Text used to separate prefix and text
	 * @param bool $once (optional) Whether to add prefix to text that already contains a prefix or not
	 * @return string Text with prefix prepended
	 */
	function add_prefix_uc( $text, $sep = '_', $once = true ) {
		$args = func_get_args();
		$var  = call_user_func_array( $this->m( $this, 'add_prefix' ), $args );
		$pre  = $this->get_prefix();
		return str_replace( $pre . $sep, strtoupper( $pre ) . $sep, $var );
	}

	/**
	 * Add prefix to variable reference
	 * Updates actual variable rather than return value
	 * @uses add_prefix() to add prefix to variable
	 * @param string $var Variable to add prefix to
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Separator text
	 * @param bool $once (optional) Add prefix only once
	 * @return void
	 */
	function add_prefix_ref( &$var, $sep = null, $once = true ) {
		$args = func_get_args();
		$var  = call_user_func_array( $this->m( $this, 'add_prefix' ), $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Remove prefix from specified string
	 * @param string $text String to remove prefix from
	 * @param string $sep (optional) Separator used with prefix
	 */
	function remove_prefix( $text, $sep = '_' ) {
		if ( $this->has_prefix( $text, $sep ) ) {
			$text = substr( $text, strlen( $this->get_prefix( $sep ) ) );
		}
		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns Database prefix for plugin-related DB Tables
	 * @return string Database prefix
	 */
	function get_db_prefix() {
		global $wpdb;
		return $wpdb->prefix . $this->get_prefix( '_' );
	}

	/*-** Priority **-*/

	/**
	 * Retrieve standard priority
	 * @var string $id Priority ID to retrieve
	 * @return int Priority
	 */
	public function priority( $id = null ) {
		$pri = 10;
		if ( ! is_null( $id ) && array_key_exists( $id, $this->_priorities ) ) {
			$pri = $this->_priorities[ $id ];
		}
		return $pri;
	}

	/* Wrapped Values */

	/**
	 * Create wrapper object
	 * Properties
	 *   > start
	 *   > end
	 * @param string|array $start Start text (Can also be array defining start & end values)
	 * @param string $end (optional) End text
	 * If $end not defined, then $start is used
	 * @return obj Wrapper
	 */
	function get_wrapper( $start = null, $end = null ) {
		// Validate existing wrapper
		if ( is_object( $start ) && isset( $start->start ) && isset( $start->end ) ) {
			return $start;
		}

		// Initialize wrapper
		$w = array(
			'start' => '[',
			'end'   => ']',
		);

		if ( ! empty( $start ) ) {
			if ( is_string( $start ) ) {
				$w['start'] = $start;
			} elseif ( is_array( $start ) ) {
				$start = array_values( $start );
				if ( is_string( $start ) ) {
					$w['start'] = $start[0];
				}
				if ( isset( $start[1] ) && is_string( $start[1] ) ) {
					$w['end'] = $start[1];
				}
			}
		}
		if ( is_string( $end ) ) {
			$w['end'] = $end;
		}

		return (object) $w;
	}

	/**
	 * Check if text is wrapped by specified character(s)
	 * @uses this->get_wrapper() to Validate wrapper text
	 * @param string $text Text to check
	 * @param string|array $start (optional) Start text (Array defines both start/end text)
	 * @param string $end (optional) End text
	 */
	function has_wrapper( $text, $start = null, $end = null ) {
		if ( ! is_string( $text ) || empty( $text ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		// Validate wrapper
		$w = $this->get_wrapper( $start, $end );

		// Check for wrapper
		return ( substr( $text, 0, strlen( $w->start ) ) === $w->start && substr( $text, -1, strlen( $w->end ) ) === $w->end ) ? true : false;
	}

	/**
	 * Remove wrapper from specified text
	 * @uses this->has_wrapper() to check if text is wrapped
	 * @uses this->get_wrapper() to retrieve wrapper object
	 * @param string $text Text to check
	 * @param string|array $start (optional) Start text (Array defines both start/end text)
	 * @param string $end (optional) End text
	 * @return string Unwrapped text
	 */
	function remove_wrapper( $text, $start = null, $end = null ) {
		if ( $this->has_wrapper( $text, $start, $end ) ) {
			$w    = $this->get_wrapper( $start, $end );
			$text = substr( $text, strlen( $w->start ), strlen( $text ) - strlen( $w->start ) - strlen( $w->end ) );
		}

		return $text;
	}

	/**
	 * Add wrapper to specified text
	 * @uses Utilities::get_wrapper() to retrieve wrapper object
	 * @param string $text Text to wrap
	 * @param string|array $start (optional) Start text (Array defines both start/end text)
	 * @param string $end (optional) End text
	 * @param bool $once (optional) Whether to wrap text only once (Default: TRUE)
	 * @return string Wrapped text
	 */
	function add_wrapper( $text, $start = null, $end = null, $once = true ) {
		$w = $this->get_wrapper( $start, $end );
		if ( ! $once || ! $this->has_wrapper( $text, $w ) ) {
			$text = $w->start . $text . $w->end;
		}
		return $text;
	}

	/*-** Client **-*/

	/**
	 * Parses client files array
	 * > Adds ID property (prefixed file key)
	 * > Parses and validates internal dependencies
	 * > Converts properties array to object
	 * Properties
	 * > file (string|array): File name (string) or callback (array) to retrieve file name
	 * > deps (array) [optional]: Dependencies
	 *   > Values wrapped in square brackets (`[` & `]`) are internal files
	 * > callback (string|array) [optional]: Global callback to determine whether file should be loaded
	 *   > Values wrapped in square brackets (`[` & `]`) are internal methods (of parent object)
	 * > context (array) [optional]: Context(s) in which to load the file
	 *   Acceptable values
	 *   > string: Context name
	 *   > array: Context name + callback (both must return TRUE to load file)
	 *     > Callback follows same pattern as `callback` member
	 * @param array $files Files array
	 * @return object Client files
	 */
	function parse_client_files( $files, $type = 'scripts' ) {
		if ( is_array( $files ) && ! empty( $files ) ) {
			// Defaults
			$defaults = array(
				'file'     => null,
				'deps'     => array(),
				'callback' => null,
				'context'  => array(),
				'enqueue'  => true,
				'enqueued' => false,
			);
			switch ( $type ) {
				case 'styles':
					$defaults['media'] = 'all';
					break;
				default:
					$defaults['in_footer'] = false;
			}
			// Iterate through files
			/**
			 * $h (string) handle
			 * $p (array) properties
			 */
			foreach ( $files as $h => $p ) {
				unset( $file, $cb, $ctxs, $ctx );
				// Set ID
				$p['id'] = $this->add_prefix( $h );
				// Type Validation
				/**
				 * $m (string) property name
				 * $d (mixed) default value
				 */
				foreach ( $defaults as $m => $d ) {
					// Check if value requires validation
					if ( ! is_array( $d ) || ! isset( $p[ $m ] ) || is_array( $p[ $m ] ) ) {
						continue;
					}
					// Wrap value in array or destroy it
					if ( is_scalar( $p[ $m ] ) ) {
						$p[ $m ] = array( $p[ $m ] );
					} else {
						unset( $p[ $m ] );
					}
				}

				// Normalize file properties
				$p = array_merge( $defaults, $p );

				/* File name */

				// Validate file
				$file =& $p['file'];

				// Determine if filename or callback
				if ( ! $this->is_file( $file ) ) {
					$file = ( is_callable( $file ) ) ? $file : null;
				}
				// Remove invalid file and move on to next
				if ( empty( $file ) ) {
					unset( $files[ $h ] );
					continue;
				}

				/* Dependencies */

				// Format internal dependencies
				foreach ( $p['deps'] as $idx => $dep ) {
					if ( $this->has_wrapper( $dep ) ) {
						$dep               = $this->remove_wrapper( $dep );
						$p['deps'][ $idx ] = $this->add_prefix( $dep );
					}
				}

				/* Context */

				// Validate callback
				$cb =& $p['callback'];
				if ( ! is_null( $cb ) && ! is_callable( $cb ) ) {
					// Remove files with invalid callbacks (will never be loaded)
					unset( $files[ $h ] );
					continue;
				}

				// Validate contexts
				$ctxs         =& $p['context'];
				$ctxs         = array_unique( $ctxs );
				$has_contexts = ( count( $ctxs ) > 0 ) ? true : false;
				foreach ( $ctxs as $idx => $ctx ) {
					// Convert to array
					$ctx = array_values( array_slice( (array) $ctx, 0, 2 ) );
					switch ( count( $ctx ) ) {
						case 1:
							// Simple context
							$ctx = $ctx[0];
							break;
						case 2:
							// Context + Callback
							if ( is_callable( $ctx[1] ) ) {
								break;
							}
							// Continue to default case if callback is invalid
						default:
							// Context is invalid
							$ctx = false;
							break;
					}

					// Remove invalid contexts
					if ( empty( $ctx ) ) {
						unset( $ctxs[ $idx ] );
					} else {
						$ctxs[ $idx ] = $ctx;
					}
				}
				// Remove file if all specified contexts invalid (no context is OK)
				if ( $has_contexts && empty( $ctxs ) ) {
					unset( $files[ $h ] );
					continue;
				}
				$ctxs = array_values( $ctxs );

				/* Finalize Properties */

				// Convert properties to object
				$files[ $h ] = (object) $p;
			}
		}
		// Cast to object before returning
		$files = (object) $files;
		return $files;
	}

	/**
	 * Build JS client object
	 * @param string (optional) $path Additional object path
	 * @return string Client object
	 */
	function get_client_object( $path = null ) {
		$obj = strtoupper( $this->get_prefix() );
		if ( ! empty( $path ) && is_string( $path ) ) {
			if ( 0 !== strpos( $path, '[' ) ) {
				$obj .= '.';
			}
			$obj .= $path;
		}
		return $obj;
	}

	/**
	 * Build jQuery JS expression to add data to specified client object
	 * @param string|obj $obj Name of client object (Set to root object if not a valid name)
	 * @param mixed $data Data to add to client object
	 * @param bool (optional) $out Whether or not to output code (Default: false)
	 * @return string JS expression to extend client object
	 */
	function extend_client_object( $obj, $data = null, $out = false ) {
		// Validate parameters
		$args = func_get_args();
		switch ( count( $args ) ) {
			case 2:
				if ( ! is_scalar( $args[0] ) ) {
					if ( is_bool( $args[1] ) ) {
						$out = $args[1];
					}
				} else {
					break;
				}
				// no break.
			case 1:
				$data = $args[0];
				$obj  = null;
				break;
		}
		// Default client object
		if ( ! is_string( $obj ) || empty( $obj ) ) {
			$obj = null;
		}
		// Default data
		if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
			$data = (object) $data;
		}
		// Build expression
		if ( empty( $data ) || ( empty( $obj ) && is_scalar( $data ) ) ) {
			$ret = '';
		} else {
			$c_obj = $this->get_client_object( $obj );
			$ret   = $this->validate_client_object( $obj, sprintf( '{$.extend(%1$s, %2$s);}', $c_obj, wp_json_encode( $data ) ) );
			if ( $out ) {
				echo $this->build_script_element( $ret, 'context', true, true );
			}
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Validate client object $obj before running command $cmd
	 *
	 * @param string $obj Full object name
	 * @param string $cmd (optional) Command to wrap in validation
	 * @return string Command wrapped in validation block
	 * If no command is specified the validation conditions are returned
	 */
	public function validate_client_object( $obj, $cmd = null ) {
		// Get base object
		$base = $this->get_client_object();

		// Build condition
		$sep = '.';
		$obj = trim( $obj, $sep );
		//  Strip base object
		if ( 0 === strpos( $obj, $base . $sep ) ) {
			$obj = substr( $obj, strlen( $base . $sep ) );
		}
		$fmt = '!!window.%1$s';
		if ( ! empty( $obj ) ) {
			$fmt .= ' && %1$s.has_child(\'%2$s\')';
		}
		$condition = sprintf( $fmt, $base, $obj );

		// Wrap command in validation
		if ( ! empty( $cmd ) && is_string( $cmd ) ) {
			$condition = sprintf( 'if ( %1$s ) { %2$s }', $condition, $cmd );
		}
		return $condition;
	}

	/**
	 * Build client method call
	 * @uses get_client_object() to generate the body of the method call
	 * @param string $method Method name
	 * @param array|string $params (optional) Parameters to pass to method
	 * @param bool $encode (optional) JSON-encode parameters? (Default: TRUE)
	 * @param bool $validate (optional) Validate method before calling it?
	 * @return string Method call
	 */
	function call_client_method( $method, $params = null, $encode = true, $validate = true ) {
		$ret = '';
		if ( ! is_string( $method ) || empty( $method ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}
		$encode   = ! ! $encode;
		$validate = ! ! $validate;

		// Build parameters
		if ( ! is_null( $params ) ) {
			if ( $encode ) {
				$params = wp_json_encode( $params );
			} elseif ( is_array( $params ) ) {
				$params = implode( ',', $params );
			}
		}
		if ( ! is_string( $params ) ) {
			$params = '';
		}
		$ret = sprintf( '%s(%s);', $this->get_client_object( $method ), $params );
		if ( $validate ) {
			$ret = $this->validate_client_object( $method, $ret );
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/*-** WP **-*/

	/**
	 * Retrieve parent object
	 * @return obj|bool Parent object (FALSE if no valid parent set)
	 */
	function get_parent() {
		if ( is_object( $this->_parent ) ) {
			return $this->_parent;
		} else {
			return false;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve parent property value
	 * @uses self::get_parent()
	 * @param string $prop Property name
	 * @param mixed $default Default value
	 * @return mixed Parent property value
	 */
	function get_parent_property( $prop, $default = '' ) {
		$p = $this->get_parent();
		return ( ! ! $p && property_exists( $p, $prop ) ) ? $p->{$prop} : $default;
	}

	/* Hooks */

	/**
	 * Retrieve formatted name for internal hooks
	 * Prefixes with parent prefix and hook prefix
	 * @uses self::get_parent_property() to retrieve hook prefix
	 * @uses self::add_prefix()
	 * @param string $tag Base tag
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 * @return string Formatted hook
	 */
	function get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		// Hook prefix
		$hook = '';
		if ( is_bool( $hook_prefix ) && $hook_prefix ) {
			$hook = $this->get_parent_property( 'hook_prefix', '' );
		} elseif ( is_string( $hook_prefix ) ) {
			$hook = $hook_prefix;
		}
		if ( ! empty( $hook ) ) {
			$hook .= '_';
		}
		// Prefix
		return $this->add_prefix( $hook . $tag );
	}

	/**
	 * Run internal action
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @see do_action()
	 * @param string|array $tag Action hook. If array, get hook prefix
	 */
	function do_action( $tag, $arg = '' ) {
		// Handle hook prefix
		$hook_prefix = true;
		if ( is_array( $tag ) ) {
			$hook_prefix = $tag[1];
			$tag         = $tag[0];
		}
		$args    = func_get_args();
		$args[0] = $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix );
		return call_user_func_array( 'do_action', $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Run internal action passing arguments in array
	 * @uses do_action_ref_array()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function do_action_ref_array( $tag, $args, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return do_action_ref_array( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Run internal filter
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @see apply_filters()
	 * @param string|array $tag Action hook. If array, get hook prefix
	 */
	function apply_filters( $tag, $value ) {
		// Handle hook prefix
		$hook_prefix = true;
		if ( is_array( $tag ) ) {
			$hook_prefix = $tag[1];
			$tag         = $tag[0];
		}
		$args    = func_get_args();
		$args[0] = $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix );
		return call_user_func_array( 'apply_filters', $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Run internal filter passing arguments in array
	 * @uses apply_filters_ref_array()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function apply_filters_ref_array( $tag, $args, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return apply_filters_ref_array( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Add internal action
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @see add_action()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function add_action( $tag, $function_to_add, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return add_action( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $function_to_add, $priority, $accepted_args );
	}

	/**
	 * Add internal filter
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @see add_filter()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function add_filter( $tag, $function_to_add, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return add_filter( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $function_to_add, $priority, $accepted_args );
	}

	/**
	 * Remove internal action
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @uses remove_action()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function remove_action( $tag, $function_to_remove, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return remove_action( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $function_to_remove, $priority, $accepted_args );
	}

	/**
	 * Remove internal filter
	 * Namespaces $tag
	 * @uses self::get_hook()
	 * @uses remove_filter()
	 * @param bool|string $hook_prefix (optional) Secondary prefix to use for hook (Default: Use predefined hook name, FALSE: no secondary hook)
	 */
	function remove_filter( $tag, $function_to_remove, $priority = 10, $accepted_args = 1, $hook_prefix = true ) {
		return remove_filter( $this->get_hook( $tag, $hook_prefix ), $function_to_remove, $priority, $accepted_args );
	}

	/* Shortcode */

	/**
	 * Process specific shortcode(s) in content
	 * Default: Process all existing shortcodes
	 * @uses $shortcode_tags - array tag => callback
	 * @uses do_shortcode()
	 *
	 * @param string $content Content to process for shortcodes
	 * @param string|array $shortcode Single tag or array of tags to process
	 *  > Associative array sets temporary callbacks for shortcodes (`tag => callback`)
	 */
	public function do_shortcode( $content, $shortcode = null ) {
		global $shortcode_tags;

		// Process custom shortcodes
		if ( ! is_null( $shortcode ) ) {
			// Cast to array
			$shortcode = (array) $shortcode;
			// Backup and reset shortcode handlers
			$tags_temp      = $shortcode_tags;
			$shortcode_tags = array();
			// Register specified tags
			foreach ( $shortcode as $key => $val ) {
				if ( is_string( $key ) && is_callable( $val ) ) {
					// Tag w/custom callback
					$shortcode_tags[ $key ] = $val;
				} elseif ( is_int( $key ) && is_string( $val ) && isset( $tags_temp[ $val ] ) ) {
					// Tag with default callback
					$shortcode_tags[ $val ] = $tags_temp[ $val ];
				}
			}
		}

		// Process shortcodes in content
		$content = do_shortcode( $content );

		// Restore default shortcode handlers
		if ( isset( $tags_temp ) ) {
			$shortcode_tags = $tags_temp;
			unset( $tags_temp );
		}

		return $content;
	}

	/**
	 * Build shortcode tag
	 * @param string $tag Shortcode base
	 * @param array (optional) $attr Shortcode attributes
	 * @param string (optional) $content Shortcode content
	 * @return string Shortcode tag
	 */
	public function make_shortcode( $tag, $attr = null, $content = null ) {
		return $this->build_element(
			array(
				'tag'        => $tag,
				'attributes' => $attr,
				'content'    => $content,
			)
		);
	}

	/* Meta */

	/**
	 * Retrieves post metadata for internal methods
	 * Metadata set internally is wrapped in an array so it is unwrapped before returned the retrieved value
	 * @see get_post_meta()
	 * @param int $post_id Post ID
	 * @param string $key Name of metadata to retrieve
	 * @param boolean $single Whether or not to retrieve single value or not
	 * @return mixed Retrieved post metadata
	 */
	function post_meta_get( $post_id, $key, $single = false ) {
		$meta_value = get_post_meta( $post_id, $this->post_meta_get_key( $key ), $single );
		if ( is_array( $meta_value ) && count( $meta_value ) === 1 ) {
			$meta_value = $meta_value[0];
		}
		return $meta_value;
	}

	/**
	 * Wraps metadata in array for storage in database
	 * @param mixed $meta_value Value to be set as metadata
	 * @return array Wrapped metadata value
	 */
	function post_meta_prepare_value( $meta_value ) {
		return array( $meta_value );
	}

	/**
	 * Adds Metadata for a post to database
	 * For internal methods
	 * @see add_post_meta
	 * @param $post_id
	 * @param $meta_key
	 * @param $meta_value
	 * @param $unique
	 * @return boolean Result of operation
	 */
	function post_meta_add( $post_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique = false ) {
		$meta_value = $this->post_meta_value_prepare( $meta_value );
		return add_post_meta( $post_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $unique );
	}

	/**
	 * Updates post metadata for internal data/methods
	 * @see update_post_meta()
	 * @param $post_id
	 * @param $meta_key
	 * @param $meta_value
	 * @param $prev_value
	 * @return boolean Result of operation
	 */
	function post_meta_update( $post_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value = '' ) {
		$meta_value = $this->post_meta_prepare_value( $meta_value );
		return update_post_meta( $post_id, $meta_key, $meta_value, $prev_value );
	}

	/**
	 * Builds postmeta key for custom data set by plugin
	 * @param string $key Base key name
	 * @return string Formatted postmeta key
	 */
	function post_meta_get_key( $key ) {
		$sep = '_';
		if ( strpos( $key, $sep . $this->prefix ) !== 0 ) {
			$key_base = func_get_args();
			if ( ! empty( $key_base ) ) {
				$key = array_merge( (array) $this->prefix, $key_base );
				return $sep . implode( $sep, $key );
			}
		}

		return $key;
	}

	/**
	 * Creates a meta key for storing post meta data
	 * Prefixes standard prefixed text with underscore to hide meta data on post edit forms
	 * @param string $text Text to use as base of meta key
	 * @return string Formatted meta key
	 */
	function make_meta_key( $text = '' ) {
		return '_' . $this->add_prefix( $text );
	}

	/* Class */

	/**
	 * Retrieve name of internal class
	 * @param string $class Base name of class
	 * @return string Full name of internal class
	 */
	function get_class( $class ) {
		return $this->add_prefix_uc( $class );
	}

	/* Context */

	/**
	 * Retrieve context for current request
	 * @return array Context
	 */
	function get_context() {
		// Context
		static $ctx = null;
		if ( ! is_array( $ctx ) ) {
			// Standard
			$ctx = array( $this->build_context() );
			// Action
			$action = $this->get_action();
			if ( ! empty( $action ) ) {
				$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'action', $action );
			}
			// Post type
			$post_type = $this->get_post_type();
			if ( ! empty( $action ) ) {
				$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'post-type', $post_type );
			}
			// Admin page
			if ( is_admin() ) {
				global $pagenow;
				$pg    = $this->strip_file_extension( $pagenow );
				$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'page', $pg );
				// Query String
				if ( isset( $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] ) ) {
					parse_str( $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'], $qv );
					if ( isset( $qv['page'] ) ) {
						$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'page', $qv['page'] );
						if ( stripos( $qv['page'], $this->get_prefix() ) === 0 ) {
							$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'page', $this->get_prefix() );
						}
					}
				}
				// Action
				if ( ! empty( $action ) ) {
					$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'page', $pg, 'action', $action );
					$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'post-type', $post_type, 'action', $action );
				}
			}
			// User
			$u     = wp_get_current_user();
			$ctx[] = $this->build_context( 'user', ( $u->ID ) ? 'registered' : 'guest', false );
		}

		return $ctx;
	}

	/**
	 * Builds context from multiple components
	 * Usage:
	 * > $prefix can be omitted and context strings can be added as needed
	 * > Multiple context strings may be passed to be joined together
	 *
	 * @param string (optional) $context Variable number of components to add to context
	 * @param bool (optional) $prefix Whether or not to prefix context with request type (public or admin) [Default: TRUE]
	 * @return string Context
	 */
	function build_context( $context = null, $prefix = true ) {
		$args = func_get_args();
		// Get prefix option
		if ( ! empty( $args ) ) {
			$prefix = ( is_bool( $args[ count( $args ) - 1 ] ) ) ? array_pop( $args ) : true;
		}

		// Validate
		$context = array_filter( $args, 'is_string' );
		$sep     = '_';

		// Context Prefix
		if ( $prefix ) {
			array_unshift( $context, ( is_admin() ) ? 'admin' : 'public' );
		}
		return implode( $sep, $context );
	}

	/**
	 * Check if context exists in current request
	 * @param string $context Context to check for
	 * @return bool TRUE if context exists FALSE otherwise
	 */
	function is_context( $context ) {
		$ret = false;
		if ( is_scalar( $context ) ) {
			$context = array( $context );
		}
		if ( is_array( $context ) && ! empty( $context ) ) {
			$ictx = array_intersect( $this->get_context(), $context );
			if ( ! empty( $ictx ) ) {
				$ret = true;
			}
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Output current context to client-side
	 * @uses `wp_head` action hook
	 * @uses `admin_head` action hook
	 * @return void
	 */
	function set_client_context() {
		$ctx          = new stdClass();
		$ctx->context = $this->get_context();
		$this->extend_client_object( $ctx, true );
	}

	/* Path */

	/**
	 * Joins and normalizes the slashes in the paths passed to method
	 * All forward/back slashes are converted to forward slashes
	 * Multiple path segments can be passed as additional argments
	 * @param string $path Path to normalize
	 * @param bool|array $trailing_slash (optional) Whether or not normalized path should have a trailing slash or not (Default: FALSE)
	 *  If array is passed, first index is trailing, second is leading slash
	 * If multiple path segments are passed, $trailing_slash will be the LAST parameter (default value used if omitted)
	 */
	function normalize_path( $path, $trailing_slash = false ) {
		$sl_f  = '/';
		$sl_b  = '\\';
		$parts = func_get_args();
		// Slash defaults (trailing, leading);
		$slashes = array( false, true );
		if ( func_num_args() > 1 ) {
			// Get last argument
			$arg_last = $parts[ count( $parts ) - 1 ];
			if ( is_bool( $arg_last ) ) {
				$arg_last = array( $arg_last );
			}

			if ( is_array( $arg_last ) && count( $arg_last ) > 0 && is_bool( $arg_last[0] ) ) {
				// Remove slash paramter from args array
				array_pop( $parts );
				// Normalize slashes options
				if ( isset( $arg_last[0] ) ) {
					$slashes[0] = $arg_last[0];
				}
				if ( isset( $arg_last[1] ) ) {
					$slashes[1] = $arg_last[1];
				}
			}
		}
		// Extract to slash options local variables
		list($trailing_slash, $leading_slash) = $slashes;

		// Clean path segments
		foreach ( $parts as $key => $part ) {
			// Trim slashes/spaces
			$parts[ $key ] = trim( $part, ' ' . $sl_f . $sl_b );

			// Verify path segment still contains value
			if ( empty( $parts[ $key ] ) ) {
				unset( $parts[ $key ] );
				continue;
			}
		}

		// Join path parts together
		$parts = implode( $sl_b, $parts );
		$parts = str_replace( $sl_b, $sl_f, $parts );
		// Add trailing slash (if necessary)
		if ( $trailing_slash ) {
			$parts .= $sl_f;
		}
		// Add leading slash (if necessary)
		$regex = '#^.+:[\\/]#';
		if ( $leading_slash && ! preg_match( $regex, $parts ) ) {
			$parts = $sl_f . $parts;
		}
		return $parts;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns URL of file (assumes that it is in plugin directory)
	 * @param string $file name of file get URL
	 * @param string|bool $relative Path that URI should be relative to (Default: full path)
	 * @return string File URL
	 */
	function get_file_url( $file, $relative = null ) {
		if ( is_string( $file ) && '' !== trim( $file ) ) {
			$file = str_replace( ' ', '%20', $this->normalize_path( $this->get_url_base( false, $relative ), $file ) );
		}
		return $file;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns path to plugin file
	 * @param string $file file name
	 * @return string File path
	 */
	function get_file_path( $file, $relative = null ) {
		// Build path
		if ( is_string( $file ) && '' !== trim( $file ) ) {
			$file = $this->normalize_path( $this->get_path_base( $relative ), $file );
		}
		return $file;
	}

	function get_plugin_file_path( $file, $trailing_slash = false ) {
		if ( is_string( $file ) && '' !== trim( $file ) ) {
			$file = $this->normalize_path( $this->get_plugin_base(), $file, $trailing_slash );
		}
		return $file;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if value is valid file name
	 * @param string $filename File name to check
	 * @return bool TRUE if valid file name, FALSE otherwise
	 */
	function is_file( $filename ) {
		$ext = $this->get_file_extension( $filename );
		return ( empty( $ext ) ) ? false : true;
	}

	/**
	 * Check if string is valid URI
	 * @param string $uri String to check
	 * @return bool TRUE if string is valid URI
	 */
	function is_uri( $uri ) {
		return ( preg_match( '|^(https?:)?//|', $uri ) ) ? true : false;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves file extension.
	 *
	 * @param string $file File path.
	 * @param bool $lowercase Optional. Format extension as lowercase. Default true.
	 * @return string Extension of file. Empty string if no extension found.
	 */
	function get_file_extension( $file, $lowercase = true ) {
		$ret = '';
		$sep = '.';
		// Validate: String must contain extension separator.
		if ( ! is_string( $file ) || false === strrpos( $file, $sep ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}
		// Strip query string if necessary.
		$qpos = strpos( $file, '?' );
		if ( false !== $qpos ) {
			$file = substr( $file, 0, $qpos );
		}
		// Get basename.
		$file = wp_basename( $file );

		// Get extension.
		$rpos = strrpos( $file, $sep );
		if ( $rpos > 0 ) {
			$ret = substr( $file, $rpos + 1 );
		}
		// Format output.
		if ( ! ! $lowercase ) {
			$ret = strtolower( $ret );
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if file has specified extension
	 * @uses get_file_extension()
	 * @param string $file File name/path
	 * @param string|array $extension File ending(s) to check $file for
	 * @param bool (optional) Whether check should be case senstive or not (Default: FALSE)
	 * @return bool TRUE if file has extension
	 */
	function has_file_extension( $file, $extension, $case_sensitive = false ) {
		if ( ! is_array( $extension ) ) {
			$extension = array( strval( $extension ) );
		}
		if ( ! $case_sensitive ) {
			// Normalize extensions
			$extension = array_map( 'strtolower', $extension );
		}
		return ( in_array( $this->get_file_extension( $file, ! $case_sensitive ), $extension, true ) ) ? true : false;
	}

	/**
	 * Removes file extension from file name
	 * The extension is the text following the last period ('.') in the file name
	 * @uses get_file_extension()
	 * @param string $file File name
	 * @return string File name without extension
	 */
	function strip_file_extension( $file ) {
		$ext = $this->get_file_extension( $file );
		if ( ! empty( $ext ) ) {
			$file = substr( $file, 0, ( strlen( $ext ) + 1 ) * -1 );
		}
		return $file;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve base URL for plugin-specific files
	 * @uses get_plugin_base()
	 * @uses normalize_path()
	 * @return string Base URL
	 */
	function get_url_base( $trailing_slash = false, $relative = null ) {
		$ret = $this->get_meta( 'uri' );
		if ( empty( $ret ) ) {
			$ret = $this->normalize_path( plugins_url(), $this->get_plugin_base() );
		}
		// Trailing slash
		if ( ! ! $trailing_slash ) {
			$ret .= '/';
		}
		// Relative
		if ( ! empty( $relative ) ) {
			// Default
			if ( is_bool( $relative ) ) {
				$relative = site_url();
			}
			// Custom
			if ( is_string( $relative ) ) {
				$ret = $this->get_relative_path( $ret, $relative );
			}
		}

		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves the plugin's base path.
	 *
	 * @param bool|string $relative Optional. Return a path relative to WordPress (true) or a custom directory (string). Default null.
	 * @return string Plugin's base path.
	 */
	function get_path_base( $relative = null ) {
		// Get base path (if necessary).
		if ( empty( $this->_path_base ) ) {
			// Get base directory of parent object
			if ( $this->get_parent() ) {
				$r    = new ReflectionClass( get_class( $this->get_parent() ) );
				$base = $r->getFileName();
				unset( $r );
			} else {
				$base = __FILE__;
			}
			// Extract base path
			$base = $this->normalize_path( $base );
			$wp_plugin_dir = $this->normalize_path( realpath( WP_PLUGIN_DIR ) );
			if ( 0 === strpos( $base, $wp_plugin_dir ) ) {
				$end  = strpos( $base, '/', strlen( $wp_plugin_dir ) + 1 );
				$base = substr( $base, 0, $end );
			}
			// Validate path.
			if ( !is_dir( $base ) || !is_readable( $base ) ) {
				// Fallback: Merge `WP_PLUGIN_DIR` and top-level directory from `plugin_basename()`.
				$base = plugin_basename( __FILE__ );
				$base = substr( $base, 0, strpos( $base, '/') );
				$base = $this->normalize_path( WP_PLUGIN_DIR, $base, false );
			}
			// Save base path.
			$this->_path_base = $base;
		}

		// Return full base path (based on parameters).
		if ( empty( $relative ) ) {
			return $this->_path_base;
		}

		// Make relative path.
		$ret = $this->_path_base;

		// Default: Relative to WordPress absolute path.
		if ( is_bool( $relative ) ) {
			$relative = ABSPATH;
		}
		// Get relative path.
		if ( is_string( $relative ) ) {
			$ret = $this->get_relative_path( $ret, $relative );
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve relative path for absolute paths
	 * @param string $path Path to modify
	 * @param string $relative (optional) Base path to make $path relative to (Default: Site's base path)
	 * @return string Relative path
	 */
	function get_relative_path( $path, $relative = true ) {
		// Default base path
		if ( ! is_string( $relative ) ) {
			$relative = ABSPATH;
		}
		if ( ! empty( $relative ) && ! empty( $path ) ) {
			$relative = $this->normalize_path( $relative );
			$path     = $this->normalize_path( $path );
			// Strip base path
			if ( strpos( $path, $relative ) === 0 ) {
				$path = substr( $path, strlen( $relative ) );
			}
		}
		return $path;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves plugin metadata.
	 *
	 * @param string $key Metadata key to retrieve.
	 * @return mixed Value of specified metadata key. Null if key does not exist.
	 */
	private function get_meta( $key ) {
		$key = sanitize_key( $key );
		// Get metadata value.
		return ( strlen( $key ) > 0 && isset( $this->plugin_meta[ $key ] ) ) ? $this->plugin_meta[ $key ] : null;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if plugin metadata exists.
	 *
	 * @param string $key Metadata key to check for.
	 * @return bool True if metadata key is set. False if not.
	 */
	private function has_meta( $key ) {
		$val = $this->get_meta( $key );
		return ( ! is_null( $val ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Sets plugin metadata.
	 *
	 * @param string $key Metadata key to set.
	 * @param mixed $val Metadata value to set.
	 * @return mixed Metadata value set.
	 */
	private function set_meta( $key, $val ) {
		// Validate key.
		$key = sanitize_key( $key );
		if ( strlen( $key ) > 0 ) {
			// Set metadata.
			$this->plugin_meta[ $key ] = $val;
		}
		return $val;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve plugin's base directory
	 * @uses WP_PLUGIN_DIR
	 * @uses Utilities::get_path_base() to retrieve plugin base path
	 * @uses Utilities::_plugin_base to save plugin base
	 * @return string Base directory
	 */
	function get_plugin_base() {
		$ret = $this->get_meta( 'base' );
		if ( empty( $ret ) ) {
			$ret = $this->set_meta( 'base', basename( $this->get_path_base() ) );
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves plugin's base file path.
	 *
	 * @return string Full path to plugin's base file.
	 */
	function get_plugin_base_file() {
		// Get stored data (if previously set).
		$key = 'file';
		$ret = $this->get_meta( $key );
		if ( ! empty( $ret ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}

		// Scan directory (DirectoryIterator)
		foreach ( new DirectoryIterator( $this->get_path_base() ) as $f_info ) {
			// Stop processing invalid items.
			if ( $f_info->isDot() || ! $f_info->isFile() || $f_info->getExtension() !== 'php' || ! $f_info->isReadable() ) {
				continue;
			}

			$ftemp = $f_info->getPathname();
			// Check for metadata.
			$data = get_file_data( $ftemp, $this->get_meta( 'headers' ) );
			// Stop processing if no metadata found.
			if ( empty( $data['Name'] ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			// Set base file.
			$ret = $this->set_meta( $key, $ftemp );
			// Save plugin data.
			$this->set_plugin_info( $data );
			// Stop processing files.
			break;
		}
		// Return base file.
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve plugin's internal name
	 * Internal name is used by WP core
	 * @uses get_plugin_base_file()
	 * @uses plugin_basename()
	 * @return string Internal plugin name
	 */
	function get_plugin_base_name() {
		$ret = $this->get_meta( 'name' );
		if ( empty( $ret ) ) {
			$ret = $this->set_meta( 'name', plugin_basename( $this->get_plugin_base_file() ) );
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets plugin information.
	 *
	 * @param array $data Plugin info to set.
	 * @return void
	 */
	private function set_plugin_info( $data ) {
		if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
			$this->set_meta( 'data', $data );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves plugin info.
	 *
	 * @param string $field Plugin info to retrieve.
	 * @return array|string Full plugin info array, or specific field value.
	 */
	public function get_plugin_info( $field = null ) {
		$key = 'data';
		// Initialize plugin headers (if necessary).
		if ( ! $this->has_meta( $key ) ) {
			$this->get_plugin_base_file();
		}
		// Get plugin data.
		$ret = $this->get_meta( $key );
		// Return specified field.
		if ( ! empty( $field ) && is_string( $field ) ) {
			$ret = ( is_array( $ret ) && isset( $ret[ $field ] ) ) ? $ret[ $field ] : '';
		}
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve plugin version
	 * @uses get_plugin_info()
	 * @param bool $strip_desc Strip any additional version text
	 * @return string Plugin version
	 */
	function get_plugin_version( $strip_desc = true ) {
		// Retrieve version
		$ret = $this->get_plugin_info( 'Version' );
		// Format
		if ( ! empty( $ret ) && $strip_desc ) {
			$ret = explode( ' ', $ret, 2 );
			$ret = $ret[0];
		}
		// Return
		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve current post type based on URL query variables
	 * @return string|null Current post type
	 */
	public function get_post_type() {
		if ( isset( $_GET['post_type'] ) && ! empty( $_GET['post_type'] ) ) {
			return $_GET['post_type'];
		}
		$pt = null;
		if ( isset( $_GET['post'] ) && is_numeric( $_GET['post'] ) ) {
			$pt = get_post_type( $_GET['post'] );
		}
		return $pt;
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieves current action based on URL query variables.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $default Optional. Default action if no action exists. Default null.
	 * @return string Current action.
	 */
	function get_action( $default = null ) {
		$action = '';

		// Check if action is set in URL
		if ( isset( $_GET['action'] ) ) {
			$action = $_GET['action'];
		} elseif ( isset( $_GET['page'] ) ) {
			$pos = strrpos( $_GET['page'], '-' );
			if ( false !== $pos && ( ( strlen( $_GET['page'] ) - 1 ) !== $pos ) ) {
				// Otherwise, Determine action based on plugin admin page suffix
				$action = trim( substr( $_GET['page'], $pos + 1 ), '-_' );
			}
		}

		// Determine action for core admin pages
		if ( ( ! isset( $_GET['page'] ) || empty( $action ) ) && isset( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'] ) ) {
			$actions = array(
				'add'       => array( 'page-new', 'post-new' ),
				'edit-item' => array( 'page', 'post' ),
				'edit'      => array( 'edit', 'edit-pages' ),
			);
			$page    = basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_NAME'], '.php' );

			foreach ( $actions as $act => $pages ) {
				if ( in_array( $page, $pages, true ) ) {
					$action = $act;
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		if ( empty( $action ) ) {
			$action = $default;
		}
		return $action;
	}

	/*-** General **-*/

	/**
	 * Checks if a property exists in a class or object
	 * Compatibility method for PHP 4
	 * @param mixed $class Class or object to check
	 * @param string $property Name of property to look for in $class
	 */
	function property_exists( $class, $property ) {
		if ( ! is_object( $class ) && ! is_array( $class ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		if ( function_exists( 'property_exists' ) && is_object( $class ) ) {
			return property_exists( $class, $property );
		} else {
			return array_key_exists( $property, $class );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve specified property from object or array
	 * @param object|array $obj Object or array to get property from
	 * @param string $property Property name to retrieve
	 * @return mixed Property value
	 */
	function &get_property( &$obj, $property ) {
		$property = trim( $property );
		// Object
		if ( is_object( $obj ) ) {
			return $obj->{$property};
		}
		// Array
		if ( is_array( $obj ) ) {
			return $obj[ $property ];
		}
		// Class
		if ( is_string( $obj ) && class_exists( $obj ) ) {
			$cvars = get_class_vars( $obj );
			if ( isset( $cvars[ $property ] ) ) {
				return $cvars[ $property ];
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Remap array members based on a
	 * mapping of source/destination keys
	 * @param array $properties Associative array of properties
	 * @param array $map Source/Destination mapping
	 * > Key: Source member
	 * > Val: Destination member
	 * @param bool $overwrite If TRUE, source value will be set in destination regardless of whether member already exists or not
	 * @return array Remapped properties
	 */
	function array_remap( $arr, $map = array(), $overwrite = false ) {
		if ( ! empty( $map ) && is_array( $map ) ) {
			// Iterate through mappings
			foreach ( $map as $from => $to ) {
				if ( ! array_key_exists( $from, $arr ) ) {
					continue;
				}
				$move = $overwrite;
				// Only remap if parent property doesn't already exist in array
				if ( ! array_key_exists( $to, $arr ) ) {
					$move = true;
				}
				if ( $move ) {
					// Move member value to new key
					$arr[ $to ] = $arr[ $from ];
					// Remove source member
					unset( $arr[ $from ] );
				}
			}
		}
		// Return remapped properties
		return $arr;
	}

	function array_filter_keys( $arr, $keys ) {
		if ( is_array( $arr ) && ! empty( $arr ) && is_array( $keys ) && ! empty( $keys ) ) {
			foreach ( $keys as $rem ) {
				if ( array_key_exists( $rem, $arr ) ) {
					unset( $arr[ $rem ] );
				}
			}
		}

		return $arr;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert an item into an array at the specified position
	 * @param mixed $item Item to insert into array
	 * @param int $pos Index position to insert item into array
	 * @return array Modified array
	 */
	function array_insert( $array, $item, $pos = null ) {
		array_splice( $array, $pos, 0, $item );
		return $array;
	}

	/**
	 * Merges 1 or more arrays together
	 * Methodology
	 * - Set first parameter as base array
	 *   - All other parameters will be merged into base array
	 * - Iterate through other parameters (arrays)
	 *   - Skip all non-array parameters
	 *   - Iterate though key/value pairs of current array
	 *     - Merge item in base array with current item based on key name
	 *     - If the current item's value AND the corresponding item in the base array are BOTH arrays, recursively merge the the arrays
	 *     - If the current item's value OR the corresponding item in the base array is NOT an array, current item overwrites base item
	 * @param array Variable number of arrays
	 * @param array $arr1 Default array
	 * @return array Merged array
	 */
	function array_merge_recursive_distinct( $arr1 ) {
		// Get all arrays passed to function
		$args = func_get_args();
		if ( empty( $args ) ) {
			return false;
		}
		// Return empty array if first parameter is not an array
		if ( ! is_array( $args[0] ) ) {
			return array();
		}
		// Set first array as base array
		$merged = $args[0];
		// Iterate through arrays to merge
		$arg_length = count( $args );
		for ( $x = 1; $x < $arg_length; $x++ ) {
			// Skip if argument is not an array (only merge arrays)
			if ( ! is_array( $args[ $x ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			// Iterate through argument items
			foreach ( $args[ $x ] as $key => $val ) {
				// Generate key for numeric indexes
				if ( is_int( $key ) ) {
					// Add new item to merged array
					$merged[] = null;
					// Get key of new item
					$key = array_pop( array_keys( $merged ) );
				}
				if ( ! isset( $merged[ $key ] ) || ! is_array( $merged[ $key ] ) || ! is_array( $val ) ) {
					$merged[ $key ] = $val;
				} elseif ( is_array( $merged[ $key ] ) && is_array( $val ) ) {
					$merged[ $key ] = $this->array_merge_recursive_distinct( $merged[ $key ], $val );
				}
			}
		}
		return $merged;
	}

	/**
	 * Replaces string value in one array with the value of the matching element in a another array
	 *
	 * @param string $search Text to search for in array
	 * @param array $arr_replace Array to use for replacing values
	 * @param array $arr_subject Array to search for specified value
	 * @return array Searched array with replacements made
	 */
	function array_replace_recursive( $search, $arr_replace, $arr_subject ) {
		foreach ( $arr_subject as $key => $val ) {
			// Skip element if key does not exist in the replacement array
			if ( ! isset( $arr_replace[ $key ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			// If element values for both arrays are strings, replace text
			if ( is_string( $val ) && strpos( $val, $search ) !== false && is_string( $arr_replace[ $key ] ) ) {
				$arr_subject[ $key ] = str_replace( $search, $arr_replace[ $key ], $val );
			}
			// If value in both arrays are arrays, recursively replace text
			if ( is_array( $val ) && is_array( $arr_replace[ $key ] ) ) {
				$arr_subject[ $key ] = $this->array_replace_recursive( $search, $arr_replace[ $key ], $val );
			}
		}

		return $arr_subject;
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if item at specified path in array is set
	 * @param array $arr Array to check for item
	 * @param array $path Array of segments that form path to array (each array item is a deeper dimension in the array)
	 * @return boolean TRUE if item is set in array, FALSE otherwise
	 */
	function array_item_isset( &$arr, &$path ) {
		$f_path = $this->get_array_path( $path );
		return eval( 'return isset($arr' . $f_path . ');' );
	}

	/**
	 * Build formatted string based on array values
	 * Array values in formatted string will be ordered by index order
	 * @param array $attribute Values to build string with
	 * @param string $format (optional) Format name (Default: Multidimensional array representation > ['value1']['value2']['value3'], etc.)
	 * @return string Formatted string based on array values
	 */
	function get_array_path( $attribute = '', $format = null ) {
		// Formatted value
		$fmtd = '';
		if ( ! empty( $attribute ) ) {
			// Make sure attribute is array
			if ( ! is_array( $attribute ) ) {
				$attribute = array( $attribute );
			}
			// Format attribute
			$format = strtolower( $format );
			switch ( $format ) {
				case 'id':
					$fmtd = array_shift( $attribute ) . '[' . implode( '][', $attribute ) . ']';
					break;
				case 'metadata':
				case 'attribute':
					// Join segments
					$delim = '_';
					$fmtd  = implode( $delim, $attribute );
					// Replace white space and repeating delimiters
					$fmtd = str_replace( ' ', $delim, $fmtd );
					while ( strpos( $fmtd, $delim . $delim ) !== false ) {
						$fmtd = str_replace( $delim . $delim, $delim, $fmtd );
					}
					// Prefix formatted value with delimeter for metadata keys
					if ( 'metadata' === $format ) {
						$fmtd = $delim . $fmtd;
					}
					break;
				case 'path':
				case 'post':
				default:
					$fmtd = '["' . implode( '"]["', $attribute ) . '"]';
			}
		}
		return $fmtd;
	}

	/**
	 * Builds array of path elements based on arguments
	 * Each item in path array represents a deeper level in structure path is for (object, array, filesystem, etc.)
	 * @param array|string Value to add to the path
	 * @return array 1-dimensional array of path elements
	 */
	function build_path() {
		$path = array();
		$args = func_get_args();

		// Iterate through parameters and build path
		foreach ( $args as $arg ) {
			if ( empty( $arg ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( is_array( $arg ) ) {
				// Recurse through array items to pull out any more arrays
				foreach ( $arg as $key => $val ) {
					$path = array_merge( $path, $this->build_path( $val ) );
				}
			} elseif ( is_scalar( $arg ) ) {
				$path[] = $arg;
			}
		}

		return $path;
	}

	/**
	 * Build generic element
	 * @param array $args
	 * @return string Element output
	 */
	public function build_element( $args = array() ) {
		$ret            = '';
		$args_default   = array(
			'tag'        => '',
			'wrap'       => false,
			'content'    => '',
			'attributes' => array(),
			'format'     => array(),
		);
		$format_default = array(
			'open'  => '[%s]',
			'close' => '[/%s]',
		);
		$args           = wp_parse_args( $args, $args_default );
		$args['format'] = wp_parse_args( $args['format'], $format_default );

		// Validate
		if ( ! is_string( $args['tag'] ) || empty( $args['tag'] ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}

		$args = (object) $args;

		$args->attributes = $this->build_attribute_string( $args->attributes );
		if ( strlen( $args->attributes ) > 0 ) {
			$args->attributes = ' ' . $args->attributes;
		}

		// Build output
		$args->format = (object) $args->format;
		$ret          = sprintf( $args->format->open, $args->tag . $args->attributes );

		// Wrap content if necessary
		if ( $args->wrap || ( is_string( $args->content ) && ! empty( $args->content ) ) ) {
			$ret .= $args->content . sprintf( $args->format->close, $args->tag );
		}

		return $ret;
	}

	/**
	 * Parses string of attributes into associative array.
	 *
	 * For parsing XML/XHTML tag attributes.
	 *
	 * @param string $attrs Attribute string. Can be full tag or just attributes.
	 * @param array $defaults Optional. Default attributes.
	 * @return array Attributes as associative array.
	 */
	function parse_attribute_string( $attrs, $defaults = array() ) {
		/**
		 * Builds output.
		 *
		 * Merges defaults into attributes array.
		 *
		 * @param array $attrs Attributes array.
		 * @return array Attributes (including defaults).
		 */
		$output = function( $attrs ) use ( $defaults ) {
			// Validate attributes array.
			if ( ! is_array( $attrs ) ) {
				$attrs = [];
			}
			// Validate defaults.
			if ( ! is_array( $defaults ) ) {
				$defaults = [];
			}
			return array_merge( $defaults, $attrs );
		};

		// Handle invalid or non-string attributes.
		if ( ! is_string( $attrs ) || false === strpos( $attrs, '=' ) ) {
			return $output( $attrs );
		}
		// Clean up attribute string.
		$attrs = trim( $attrs );
		// Strip tag (if necessary).
		if ( '<' === $attrs[0] || '>' === $attrs[-1] ) {
			$rgx   = '/^(?:(?:<\w.*?)\s+)?([^\s].+?)\s*(?:\/?>)?$/i';
			$attrs = preg_replace( $rgx, '$1', $attrs );
		}
		unset( $rgx );

		// Parse attributes.
		$rgx = '/\b(?<attr>\w[^\s]+?)=(?<quote>["\'])(?<val>.*?)(?P=quote)(?:\s+|$)/i';
		preg_match_all( $rgx, $attrs, $matches, PREG_SET_ORDER );
		if ( ! empty( $matches ) ) {
			$attrs = [];
			foreach ( $matches as $match ) {
				$attrs[ $match['attr'] ] = $match['val'];
			}
		}
		unset( $rgx, $matches, $match );

		// Return parsed attributes (merged with defaults).
		return $output( $attrs );
	}

	/**
	 * Builds attribute string.
	 *
	 * Attribute string formatted for HTML/XML elements.
	 *
	 * @param array $attr Attributes to build string from.
	 * @return string Formatted attribute string.
	 */
	function build_attribute_string( $attr ) {
		$ret = '';
		if ( is_object( $attr ) ) {
			$attr = (array) $attr;
		}
		// Stop processing invalid/empty attributes.
		if ( ! is_array( $attr ) || empty( $attr ) ) {
			return $ret;
		}
		// Build attribute string.
		$attr_str = array();
		foreach ( $attr as $key => $val ) {
			// Skip attributes with invalid names or values.
			if ( ! is_string( $key ) || ! is_scalar( $val ) ) {
				continue;
			}
			// Format attribute output.
			$attr_str[] = sprintf(
				'%1$s="%2$s"',
				// Remove spaces from attribute name.
				esc_attr( str_replace( [ ' ', '=' ], '-', $key ) ),
				esc_attr( $val )
			);
		}

		$ret = implode( ' ', $attr_str );
		return $ret;
	}

	/* HTML */

	/**
	 * Generate HTML element based on values
	 * @param $args Element arguments
	 * @return string Generated HTML element
	 */
	public function build_html_element( $args ) {
		$args_default   = array(
			'tag'        => 'span',
			'content'    => '',
			'attributes' => array(),
		);
		$args           = wp_parse_args( $args, $args_default );
		$args['format'] = array(
			'open'  => '<%s>',
			'close' => '</%s>',
		);
		// Build element
		return $this->build_element( $args );
	}

	/**
	 * Build HTML link element
	 * @uses build_html_element() to build link output
	 * @param string $uri Link URI
	 * @param string $content Link content
	 * @param $array (optional) $attributes Additional link attributes
	 * @return string HTML link element
	 */
	function build_html_link( $uri, $content, $attributes = array() ) {
		$attributes = array_merge(
			array(
				'href'  => $uri,
				'title' => $content,
			),
			$attributes
		);
		return $this->build_html_element(
			array(
				'tag'        => 'a',
				'wrap'       => true,
				'content'    => $content,
				'attributes' => $attributes,
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Generate external stylesheet element
	 * @param $url Stylesheet URL
	 * @return string Stylesheet element
	 */
	function build_stylesheet_element( $url ) {
		$attributes = array(
			'href' => $url,
			'type' => 'text/css',
			'rel'  => 'stylesheet',
		);
		return $this->build_html_element(
			array(
				'tag'        => 'link',
				'wrap'       => false,
				'attributes' => $attributes,
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Build client-side script element
	 *
	 * @param string $content Script content
	 * @param string $id (optional) Element ID
	 * @param bool $wrap_jquery (optional) Wrap commands in jQuery? (Default: Yes)
	 * @param bool $wait_doc_ready (optional) Wait until document is fully loaded before executing commands? (Default: No)
	 */
	function build_script_element( $content = '', $id = '', $wrap_jquery = true, $wait_doc_ready = false ) {
		// Stop processing invalid content
		if ( is_array( $content ) && ! empty( $content ) ) {
			$content = implode( PHP_EOL, $content );
		}
		if ( empty( $content ) || ! is_string( $content ) ) {
			return '';
		}
		$attributes = array( 'type' => 'text/javascript' );
		$start      = array( '/* <![CDATA[ */' );
		$end        = array( '/* ]]> */' );
		if ( $wrap_jquery ) {
			$start[] = 'if ( !!window.jQuery ) {(function($){';
			$end[]   = '})(jQuery);}';

			// Add event handler (if necessary)
			if ( $wait_doc_ready ) {
				$start[] = '$(document).ready(function(){';
				$end[]   = '})';
			}
		}

		// Reverse order of end values
		$end     = array_reverse( $end );
		$content = implode( '', array_merge( $start, array( $content ), $end ) );
		if ( is_string( $id ) && ! empty( $id ) ) {
			$attributes['id'] = $this->add_prefix( $id );
		}
		return $this->build_html_element(
			array(
				'tag'        => 'script',
				'content'    => $content,
				'wrap'       => true,
				'attributes' => $attributes,
			)
		) . PHP_EOL;
	}
}