<?php
/**
 * @package Polylang
 */

/**
 * Setups the language and translations model based on WordPress taxonomies
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
class PLL_Model {
	/**
	 * Internal non persistent cache object.
	 *
	 * @var PLL_Cache
	 */
	public $cache;

	/**
	 * Stores the plugin options.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	public $options;

	/**
	 * Translatable objects registry.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @var PLL_Translatable_Objects
	 */
	public $translatable_objects;

	/**
	 * Translated post model.
	 *
	 * @var PLL_Translated_Post
	 */
	public $post;

	/**
	 * Translated term model.
	 *
	 * @var PLL_Translated_Term
	 */
	public $term;

	/**
	 * Flag set to true during the language objects creation.
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $is_creating_language_objects = false;

	/**
	 * Tells if {@see PLL_Model::get_languages_list()} can be used.
	 *
	 * @var bool
	 */
	private $languages_ready = false;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 * Setups translated objects sub models.
	 * Setups filters and actions.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param array $options Polylang options.
	 */
	public function __construct( &$options ) {
		$this->options = &$options;

		$this->cache = new PLL_Cache();
		$this->translatable_objects = new PLL_Translatable_Objects();
		$this->post = $this->translatable_objects->register( new PLL_Translated_Post( $this ) ); // Translated post sub model.
		$this->term = $this->translatable_objects->register( new PLL_Translated_Term( $this ) ); // Translated term sub model.

		// We need to clean languages cache when editing a language and when modifying the permalink structure.
		add_action( 'edited_term_taxonomy', array( $this, 'clean_languages_cache' ), 10, 2 );
		add_action( 'update_option_permalink_structure', array( $this, 'clean_languages_cache' ) );
		add_action( 'update_option_siteurl', array( $this, 'clean_languages_cache' ) );
		add_action( 'update_option_home', array( $this, 'clean_languages_cache' ) );

		add_filter( 'get_terms_args', array( $this, 'get_terms_args' ) );

		// Just in case someone would like to display the language description ;).
		add_filter( 'language_description', '__return_empty_string' );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if there are languages or not.
	 *
	 * @since 3.3
	 *
	 * @return bool True if there are, false otherwise.
	 */
	public function has_languages() {
		if ( ! empty( $this->cache->get( 'languages' ) ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		if ( ! empty( get_transient( 'pll_languages_list' ) ) ) {
			return true;
		}

		return ! empty( $this->get_language_terms() );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the list of available languages.
	 * - Stores the list in a db transient (except flags), unless `PLL_CACHE_LANGUAGES` is set to false.
	 * - Caches the list (with flags) in a `PLL_Cache` object.
	 *
	 * @since 0.1
	 *
	 * @param array $args {
	 *   @type bool   $hide_empty   Hides languages with no posts if set to `true` (defaults to `false`).
	 *   @type bool   $hide_default Hides default language from the list (default to `false`).
	 *   @type string $fields       Returns only that field if set; {@see PLL_Language} for a list of fields.
	 * }
	 * @return array List of PLL_Language objects or PLL_Language object properties.
	 */
	public function get_languages_list( $args = array() ) {
		if ( ! $this->are_languages_ready() ) {
			_doing_it_wrong(
				__METHOD__ . '()',
				"It must not be called before the hook 'pll_pre_init'.",
				'3.4'
			);
		}

		$languages = $this->cache->get( 'languages' );

		if ( ! is_array( $languages ) ) {
			// Bail out early if languages are currently created to avoid an infinite loop.
			if ( $this->is_creating_language_objects ) {
				return array();
			}

			$this->is_creating_language_objects = true;

			if ( defined( 'PLL_CACHE_LANGUAGES' ) && ! PLL_CACHE_LANGUAGES ) {
				// Create the languages from taxonomies.
				$languages = $this->get_languages_from_taxonomies();
			} else {
				$languages = get_transient( 'pll_languages_list' );

				if ( empty( $languages ) || ! is_array( $languages ) || empty( reset( $languages )['term_props'] ) ) { // Test `term_props` in case we got a transient older than 3.4.
					// Create the languages from taxonomies.
					$languages = $this->get_languages_from_taxonomies();
				} else {
					// Create the languages directly from arrays stored in the transient.
					$languages = array_map(
						array( new PLL_Language_Factory( $this->options ), 'get' ),
						$languages
					);

					// Remove potential empty language.
					$languages = array_filter( $languages );

					// Re-index.
					$languages = array_values( $languages );
				}
			}

			/**
			 * Filters the list of languages *after* it is stored in the persistent cache.
			 * /!\ This filter is fired *before* the $polylang object is available.
			 *
			 * @since 1.8
			 * @since 3.4 Deprecated. If you used this hook to filter URLs, you may hook `'site_url'` instead.
			 * @deprecated
			 *
			 * @param PLL_Language[] $languages The list of language objects.
			 */
			$languages = apply_filters_deprecated( 'pll_after_languages_cache', array( $languages ), '3.4' );

			if ( $this->are_languages_ready() ) {
				$this->cache->set( 'languages', $languages );
			}

			$this->is_creating_language_objects = false;
		}

		$languages = array_filter(
			$languages,
			function( $lang ) use ( $args ) {
				$keep_empty   = empty( $args['hide_empty'] ) || $lang->get_tax_prop( 'language', 'count' );
				$keep_default = empty( $args['hide_default'] ) || ! $lang->is_default;
				return $keep_empty && $keep_default;

			}
		);

		$languages = array_values( $languages ); // Re-index.

		return empty( $args['fields'] ) ? $languages : wp_list_pluck( $languages, $args['fields'] );
	}

	/**
	 * Tells if {@see PLL_Model::get_languages_list()} can be used.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function are_languages_ready() {
		return $this->languages_ready;
	}

	/**
	 * Sets the internal property `$languages_ready` to `true`, telling that {@see PLL_Model::get_languages_list()} can be used.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function set_languages_ready() {
		$this->languages_ready = true;
	}

	/**
	 * Cleans language cache
	 * can be called directly with no parameter
	 * called by the 'edited_term_taxonomy' filter with 2 parameters when count needs to be updated
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param int    $term     not used
	 * @param string $taxonomy taxonomy name
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function clean_languages_cache( $term = 0, $taxonomy = null ) {
		if ( empty( $taxonomy ) || 'language' === $taxonomy ) {
			delete_transient( 'pll_languages_list' );
			$this->cache->clean();
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Don't query term metas when only our taxonomies are queried
	 *
	 * @since 2.3
	 *
	 * @param array $args WP_Term_Query arguments
	 * @return array
	 */
	public function get_terms_args( $args ) {
		$taxonomies = $this->translatable_objects->get_taxonomy_names();

		if ( isset( $args['taxonomy'] ) && ! array_diff( (array) $args['taxonomy'], $taxonomies ) ) {
			$args['update_term_meta_cache'] = false;
		}
		return $args;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the language by its term_id, tl_term_id, slug or locale.
	 *
	 * @since 0.1
	 * @since 3.4 Allow to get a language by `term_taxonomy_id`.
	 *
	 * @param mixed $value `term_id`, `term_taxonomy_id`, `slug`, `locale`, or `w3c` of the queried language.
	 *                     `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id` can be fetched for any language taxonomy.
	 *                     /!\ For the `term_taxonomy_id`, prefix the ID by `tt:` (ex: `"tt:{$tt_id}"`),
	 *                     this is to prevent confusion between `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id`.
	 * @return PLL_Language|false Language object, false if no language found.
	 */
	public function get_language( $value ) {
		if ( is_object( $value ) ) {
			return $value instanceof PLL_Language ? $value : $this->get_language( $value->term_id ); // Will force cast to PLL_Language.
		}

		$return = $this->cache->get( 'language:' . $value );

		if ( $return instanceof PLL_Language ) {
			return $return;
		}

		foreach ( $this->get_languages_list() as $lang ) {
			foreach ( $lang->get_tax_props() as $props ) {
				$this->cache->set( 'language:' . $props['term_id'], $lang );
				$this->cache->set( 'language:tt:' . $props['term_taxonomy_id'], $lang );
			}
			$this->cache->set( 'language:' . $lang->slug, $lang );
			$this->cache->set( 'language:' . $lang->locale, $lang );
			$this->cache->set( 'language:' . $lang->w3c, $lang );
		}

		/** @var PLL_Language|false */
		return $this->cache->get( 'language:' . $value );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the default language.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @return PLL_Language|false Default language object, `false` if no language found.
	 */
	public function get_default_language() {
		if ( empty( $this->options['default_lang'] ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		return $this->get_language( $this->options['default_lang'] );
	}

	/**
	 * Adds terms clauses to the term query to filter them by languages.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param string[]           $clauses The list of sql clauses in terms query.
	 * @param PLL_Language|false $lang    PLL_Language object.
	 * @return string[]                   Modified list of clauses.
	 */
	public function terms_clauses( $clauses, $lang ) {
		if ( ! empty( $lang ) && false === strpos( $clauses['join'], 'pll_tr' ) ) {
			$clauses['join'] .= $this->term->join_clause();
			$clauses['where'] .= $this->term->where_clause( $lang );
		}
		return $clauses;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns post types that need to be translated.
	 * The post types list is cached for better better performance.
	 * The method waits for 'after_setup_theme' to apply the cache
	 * to allow themes adding the filter in functions.php.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param bool $filter True if we should return only valid registered post types.
	 * @return string[] Post type names for which Polylang manages languages and translations.
	 */
	public function get_translated_post_types( $filter = true ) {
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'post' )->get_translated_object_types( $filter );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if Polylang manages languages and translations for this post type.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param string|string[] $post_type Post type name or array of post type names.
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function is_translated_post_type( $post_type ) {
		if ( empty( array_filter( (array) $post_type ) ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		/** @var non-empty-array<non-empty-string>|non-empty-string $post_type */
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'post' )->is_translated_object_type( $post_type );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns taxonomies that need to be translated.
	 * The taxonomies list is cached for better better performance.
	 * The method waits for 'after_setup_theme' to apply the cache
	 * to allow themes adding the filter in functions.php.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param bool $filter True if we should return only valid registered taxonomies.
	 * @return string[] Array of registered taxonomy names for which Polylang manages languages and translations.
	 */
	public function get_translated_taxonomies( $filter = true ) {
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'term' )->get_translated_object_types( $filter );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if Polylang manages languages and translations for this taxonomy.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param string|string[] $tax Taxonomy name or array of taxonomy names.
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function is_translated_taxonomy( $tax ) {
		if ( empty( array_filter( (array) $tax ) ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		/** @var non-empty-array<non-empty-string>|non-empty-string $tax */
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'term' )->is_translated_object_type( $tax );
	}

	/**
	 * Return taxonomies that need to be filtered (post_format like).
	 *
	 * @since 1.7
	 *
	 * @param bool $filter True if we should return only valid registered taxonomies.
	 * @return string[] Array of registered taxonomy names.
	 */
	public function get_filtered_taxonomies( $filter = true ) {
		if ( did_action( 'after_setup_theme' ) ) {
			static $taxonomies = null;
		}

		if ( empty( $taxonomies ) ) {
			$taxonomies = array( 'post_format' => 'post_format' );

			/**
			 * Filters the list of taxonomies not translatable but filtered by language.
			 * Includes only the post format by default
			 * The filter must be added soon in the WordPress loading process:
			 * in a function hooked to ‘plugins_loaded’ or directly in functions.php for themes.
			 *
			 * @since 1.7
			 *
			 * @param string[] $taxonomies  List of taxonomy names.
			 * @param bool     $is_settings True when displaying the list of custom taxonomies in Polylang settings.
			 */
			$taxonomies = apply_filters( 'pll_filtered_taxonomies', $taxonomies, false );
		}

		return $filter ? array_intersect( $taxonomies, get_taxonomies() ) : $taxonomies;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns true if Polylang filters this taxonomy per language.
	 *
	 * @since 1.7
	 *
	 * @param string|string[] $tax Taxonomy name or array of taxonomy names.
	 * @return bool
	 */
	public function is_filtered_taxonomy( $tax ) {
		$taxonomies = $this->get_filtered_taxonomies( false );
		return ( is_array( $tax ) && array_intersect( $tax, $taxonomies ) || in_array( $tax, $taxonomies ) );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the query vars of all filtered taxonomies.
	 *
	 * @since 1.7
	 *
	 * @return string[]
	 */
	public function get_filtered_taxonomies_query_vars() {
		$query_vars = array();
		foreach ( $this->get_filtered_taxonomies() as $filtered_tax ) {
			$tax = get_taxonomy( $filtered_tax );
			if ( ! empty( $tax ) && is_string( $tax->query_var ) ) {
				$query_vars[] = $tax->query_var;
			}
		}
		return $query_vars;
	}

	/**
	 * It is possible to have several terms with the same name in the same taxonomy ( one per language )
	 * but the native term_exists() will return true even if only one exists.
	 * So here the function adds the language parameter.
	 *
	 * @since 1.4
	 *
	 * @param string              $term_name The term name.
	 * @param string              $taxonomy  Taxonomy name.
	 * @param int                 $parent    Parent term id.
	 * @param string|PLL_Language $language  The language slug or object.
	 * @return int The `term_id` of the found term. 0 otherwise.
	 */
	public function term_exists( $term_name, $taxonomy, $parent, $language ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$language = $this->get_language( $language );
		if ( empty( $language ) ) {
			return 0;
		}

		$term_name = trim( wp_unslash( $term_name ) );
		$term_name = _wp_specialchars( $term_name );

		$select = "SELECT t.term_id FROM $wpdb->terms AS t";
		$join = " INNER JOIN $wpdb->term_taxonomy AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id";
		$join .= $this->term->join_clause();
		$where = $wpdb->prepare( ' WHERE tt.taxonomy = %s AND t.name = %s', $taxonomy, $term_name );
		$where .= $this->term->where_clause( $language );

		if ( $parent > 0 ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND tt.parent = %d', $parent );
		}

		// PHPCS:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
		return $wpdb->get_var( $select . $join . $where );
	}

	/**
	 * Checks if a term slug exists in a given language, taxonomy, hierarchy.
	 *
	 * @since 1.9
	 * @since 2.8 Moved from PLL_Share_Term_Slug::term_exists() to PLL_Model::term_exists_by_slug().
	 *
	 * @param string              $slug     The term slug to test.
	 * @param string|PLL_Language $language The language slug or object.
	 * @param string              $taxonomy Optional taxonomy name.
	 * @param int                 $parent   Optional parent term id.
	 * @return int The `term_id` of the found term. 0 otherwise.
	 */
	public function term_exists_by_slug( $slug, $language, $taxonomy = '', $parent = 0 ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$language = $this->get_language( $language );
		if ( empty( $language ) ) {
			return 0;
		}

		$select = "SELECT t.term_id FROM {$wpdb->terms} AS t";
		$join   = " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} AS tt ON t.term_id = tt.term_id";
		$join  .= $this->term->join_clause();
		$where  = $wpdb->prepare( ' WHERE t.slug = %s', $slug );
		$where .= $this->term->where_clause( $language );

		if ( ! empty( $taxonomy ) ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND tt.taxonomy = %s', $taxonomy );
		}

		if ( $parent > 0 ) {
			$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND tt.parent = %d', $parent );
		}

		// PHPCS:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
		return $wpdb->get_var( $select . $join . $where );
	}


	/**
	 * Returns the number of posts per language in a date, author or post type archive.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @param PLL_Language $lang PLL_Language instance.
	 * @param array        $q    {
	 *   WP_Query arguments:
	 *
	 *   @type string|string[] $post_type   Post type or array of post types.
	 *   @type int             $m           Combination YearMonth. Accepts any four-digit year and month.
	 *   @type int             $year        Four-digit year.
	 *   @type int             $monthnum    Two-digit month.
	 *   @type int             $day         Day of the month.
	 *   @type int             $author      Author id.
	 *   @type string          $author_name User 'user_nicename'.
	 *   @type string          $post_format Post format.
	 *   @type string          $post_status Post status.
	 * }
	 * @return int
	 *
	 * @phpstan-param array{
	 *     post_type?: non-falsy-string|array<non-falsy-string>,
	 *     post_status?: non-falsy-string,
	 *     m?: numeric-string,
	 *     year?: positive-int,
	 *     monthnum?: int<1, 12>,
	 *     day?: int<1, 31>,
	 *     author?: int<1, max>,
	 *     author_name?: non-falsy-string,
	 *     post_format?: non-falsy-string
	 * } $q
	 * @phpstan-return int<0, max>
	 */
	public function count_posts( $lang, $q = array() ) {
		global $wpdb;

		$q = array_merge( array( 'post_type' => 'post', 'post_status' => 'publish' ), $q );

		if ( ! is_array( $q['post_type'] ) ) {
			$q['post_type'] = array( $q['post_type'] );
		}

		foreach ( $q['post_type'] as $key => $type ) {
			if ( ! post_type_exists( $type ) ) {
				unset( $q['post_type'][ $key ] );
			}
		}

		if ( empty( $q['post_type'] ) ) {
			$q['post_type'] = array( 'post' ); // We *need* a post type.
		}

		$cache_key = 'pll_count_posts_' . md5( maybe_serialize( $q ) );
		$counts = wp_cache_get( $cache_key, 'counts' );

		if ( ! is_array( $counts ) ) {
			$counts  = array();
			$select  = "SELECT pll_tr.term_taxonomy_id, COUNT( * ) AS num_posts FROM {$wpdb->posts}";
			$join    = $this->post->join_clause();
			$where   = sprintf( " WHERE post_status = '%s'", esc_sql( $q['post_status'] ) );
			$where  .= sprintf( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_type IN ( '%s' )", implode( "', '", esc_sql( $q['post_type'] ) ) );
			$where  .= $this->post->where_clause( $this->get_languages_list() );
			$groupby = ' GROUP BY pll_tr.term_taxonomy_id';

			if ( ! empty( $q['m'] ) ) {
				$q['m'] = '' . preg_replace( '|[^0-9]|', '', $q['m'] );
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND YEAR( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", substr( $q['m'], 0, 4 ) );
				if ( strlen( $q['m'] ) > 5 ) {
					$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND MONTH( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", substr( $q['m'], 4, 2 ) );
				}
				if ( strlen( $q['m'] ) > 7 ) {
					$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND DAYOFMONTH( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", substr( $q['m'], 6, 2 ) );
				}
			}

			if ( ! empty( $q['year'] ) ) {
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND YEAR( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", $q['year'] );
			}

			if ( ! empty( $q['monthnum'] ) ) {
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND MONTH( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", $q['monthnum'] );
			}

			if ( ! empty( $q['day'] ) ) {
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND DAYOFMONTH( {$wpdb->posts}.post_date ) = %d", $q['day'] );
			}

			if ( ! empty( $q['author_name'] ) ) {
				$author = get_user_by( 'slug', sanitize_title_for_query( $q['author_name'] ) );
				if ( $author ) {
					$q['author'] = $author->ID;
				}
			}

			if ( ! empty( $q['author'] ) ) {
				$where .= $wpdb->prepare( " AND {$wpdb->posts}.post_author = %d", $q['author'] );
			}

			// Filtered taxonomies ( post_format ).
			foreach ( $this->get_filtered_taxonomies_query_vars() as $tax_qv ) {

				if ( ! empty( $q[ $tax_qv ] ) ) {
					$join .= " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_relationships} AS tr ON tr.object_id = {$wpdb->posts}.ID";
					$join .= " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->term_taxonomy} AS tt ON tt.term_taxonomy_id = tr.term_taxonomy_id";
					$join .= " INNER JOIN {$wpdb->terms} AS t ON t.term_id = tt.term_id";
					$where .= $wpdb->prepare( ' AND t.slug = %s', $q[ $tax_qv ] );
				}
			}

			// PHPCS:ignore WordPress.DB.PreparedSQL.NotPrepared
			$res = $wpdb->get_results( $select . $join . $where . $groupby, ARRAY_A );
			foreach ( (array) $res as $row ) {
				$counts[ $row['term_taxonomy_id'] ] = $row['num_posts'];
			}

			wp_cache_set( $cache_key, $counts, 'counts' );
		}

		$term_taxonomy_id = $lang->get_tax_prop( 'language', 'term_taxonomy_id' );
		return empty( $counts[ $term_taxonomy_id ] ) ? 0 : $counts[ $term_taxonomy_id ];
	}

	/**
	 * Setup the links model based on options.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 *
	 * @return PLL_Links_Model
	 */
	public function get_links_model() {
		$c = array( 'Directory', 'Directory', 'Subdomain', 'Domain' );
		$class = get_option( 'permalink_structure' ) ? 'PLL_Links_' . $c[ $this->options['force_lang'] ] : 'PLL_Links_Default';

		/**
		 * Filters the links model class to use.
		 * /!\ this filter is fired *before* the $polylang object is available.
		 *
		 * @since 2.1.1
		 *
		 * @param string $class A class name: PLL_Links_Default, PLL_Links_Directory, PLL_Links_Subdomain, PLL_Links_Domain.
		 */
		$class = apply_filters( 'pll_links_model', $class );

		return new $class( $this );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns a list of object IDs without language (used in settings and wizard).
	 *
	 * @since 0.9
	 * @since 2.2.6 Added the `$limit` parameter.
	 * @since 3.4 Added the `$types` parameter.
	 *
	 * @param int      $limit Optional. Max number of IDs to return. Defaults to -1 (no limit).
	 * @param string[] $types Optional. Types to handle (@see PLL_Translatable_Object::get_type()). Defaults to
	 *                        an empty array (all types).
	 * @return int[][]|false {
	 *     IDs of objects without language.
	 *
	 *     @type int[] $posts Array of post ids.
	 *     @type int[] $terms Array of term ids.
	 * }
	 *
	 * @phpstan-param -1|positive-int $limit
	 */
	public function get_objects_with_no_lang( $limit = -1, array $types = array() ) {
		/**
		 * Filters the max number of IDs to return when searching objects with no language.
		 * This filter can be used to decrease the memory usage in case the number of objects
		 * without language is too big. Using a negative value is equivalent to have no limit.
		 *
		 * @since 2.2.6
		 * @since 3.4 Added the `$types` parameter.
		 *
		 * @param int      $limit Max number of IDs to retrieve from the database.
		 * @param string[] $types Types to handle (@see PLL_Translatable_Object::get_type()). An empty array means all
		 *                        types.
		 */
		$limit   = apply_filters( 'get_objects_with_no_lang_limit', $limit, $types );
		$limit   = $limit < 1 ? -1 : max( (int) $limit, 1 );
		$objects = array();

		foreach ( $this->translatable_objects as $type => $object ) {
			if ( ! empty( $types ) && ! in_array( $type, $types, true ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$ids = $object->get_objects_with_no_lang( $limit );

			if ( empty( $ids ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			// The trailing 's' in the array key is for backward compatibility.
			$objects[ "{$type}s" ] = $ids;
		}

		$objects = ! empty( $objects ) ? $objects : false;

		/**
		 * Filters the list of IDs of untranslated objects.
		 *
		 * @since 0.9
		 * @since 3.4 Added the `$limit` and `$types` parameters.
		 *
		 * @param int[][]|false $objects List of lists of object IDs, `false` if no IDs found.
		 * @param int           $limit   Max number of IDs to retrieve from the database.
		 * @param string[]      $types   Types to handle (@see PLL_Translatable_Object::get_type()). An empty array
		 *                               means all types.
		 */
		return apply_filters( 'pll_get_objects_with_no_lang', $objects, $limit, $types );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns ids of post without language.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1
	 *
	 * @param string|string[] $post_types A translated post type or an array of translated post types.
	 * @param int             $limit      Max number of objects to return. `-1` to return all of them.
	 * @return int[]
	 *
	 * @phpstan-param -1|positive-int $limit
	 * @phpstan-return list<positive-int>
	 */
	public function get_posts_with_no_lang( $post_types, $limit ) {
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'post' )->get_objects_with_no_lang( $limit, (array) $post_types );
	}

	/**
	 * Returns ids of terms without language.
	 *
	 * @since 3.1
	 *
	 * @param string|string[] $taxonomies A translated taxonomy or an array of taxonomies post types.
	 * @param int             $limit      Max number of objects to return. `-1` to return all of them.
	 * @return int[]
	 *
	 * @phpstan-param -1|positive-int $limit
	 * @phpstan-return list<positive-int>
	 */
	public function get_terms_with_no_lang( $taxonomies, $limit ) {
		return $this->translatable_objects->get( 'term' )->get_objects_with_no_lang( $limit, (array) $taxonomies );
	}

	/**
	 * Assigns the default language to objects in mass.
	 *
	 * @since 1.2
	 * @since 3.4 Moved from PLL_Admin_Model class.
	 *            Removed `$limit` parameter, added `$lang` and `$types` parameters.
	 *
	 * @param PLL_Language|null $lang  Optional. The language to assign to objects. Defaults to `null` (default language).
	 * @param string[]          $types Optional. Types to handle (@see PLL_Translatable_Object::get_type()). Defaults
	 *                                 to an empty array (all types).
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function set_language_in_mass( $lang = null, array $types = array() ) {
		if ( ! $lang instanceof PLL_Language ) {
			$lang = $this->get_default_language();

			if ( empty( $lang ) ) {
				return;
			}
		}

		// 1000 is an arbitrary value that will be filtered by `get_objects_with_no_lang_limit`.
		$nolang = $this->get_objects_with_no_lang( 1000, $types );

		if ( empty( $nolang ) ) {
			return;
		}

		/**
		 * Keep track of types where we set the language:
		 * those are types where we may have more items to process if we have more than 1000 items in total.
		 * This will prevent unecessary SQL queries in the next recursion: if we have 0 items in this recursion for
		 * a type, we'll still have 0 in the next one, no need for a new query.
		 */
		$types_with_objects = array();

		foreach ( $this->translatable_objects as $type => $object ) {
			if ( empty( $nolang[ "{$type}s" ] ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! empty( $types ) && ! in_array( $type, $types, true ) ) {
				continue;
			}

			$object->set_language_in_mass( $nolang[ "{$type}s" ], $lang );
			$types_with_objects[] = $type;
		}

		if ( empty( $types_with_objects ) ) {
			return;
		}

		$this->set_language_in_mass( $lang, $types_with_objects );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the ORDERBY clause of the languages query.
	 *
	 * This allows to order languages terms by `taxonomy` first then by `term_group` and `term_id`.
	 * Ordering terms by taxonomy allows not to mix terms between all language taxomonomies.
	 * Having the "language' taxonomy first is important for {@see PLL_Admin_Model:delete_language()}.
	 *
	 * @since 3.2.3
	 *
	 * @param  string   $orderby    `ORDERBY` clause of the terms query.
	 * @param  array    $args       An array of term query arguments.
	 * @param  string[] $taxonomies An array of taxonomy names.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function filter_language_terms_orderby( $orderby, $args, $taxonomies ) {
		$allowed_taxonomies = $this->translatable_objects->get_taxonomy_names( array( 'language' ) );

		if ( ! is_array( $taxonomies ) || ! empty( array_diff( $taxonomies, $allowed_taxonomies ) ) ) {
			return $orderby;
		}

		if ( empty( $orderby ) || ! is_string( $orderby ) ) {
			return $orderby;
		}

		if ( ! preg_match( '@^(?<alias>[^.]+)\.term_group$@', $orderby, $matches ) ) {
			return $orderby;
		}

		return sprintf( 'tt.taxonomy = \'language\' DESC, %1$s.term_group, %1$s.term_id', $matches['alias'] );
	}

	/**
	 * Maybe adds the missing language terms for 3rd party language taxonomies.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function maybe_create_language_terms() {
		$registered_taxonomies = array_diff(
			$this->translatable_objects->get_taxonomy_names( array( 'language' ) ),
			// Exclude the post and term language taxonomies from the list.
			array( $this->post->get_tax_language(), $this->term->get_tax_language() )
		);

		if ( empty( $registered_taxonomies ) ) {
			// No 3rd party language taxonomies.
			return;
		}

		// We have at least one 3rd party language taxonomy.
		$known_taxonomies = ! empty( $this->options['language_taxonomies'] ) && is_array( $this->options['language_taxonomies'] ) ? $this->options['language_taxonomies'] : array();
		$new_taxonomies   = array_diff( $registered_taxonomies, $known_taxonomies );

		if ( empty( $new_taxonomies ) ) {
			// No new 3rd party language taxonomies.
			return;
		}

		// We have at least one unknown 3rd party language taxonomy.
		foreach ( $this->get_languages_list() as $language ) {
			$this->update_secondary_language_terms( $language->slug, $language->name, $language, $new_taxonomies );
		}

		// Clear the cache, so the new `term_id` and `term_taxonomy_id` appear in the languages list.
		$this->clean_languages_cache();

		// Keep the previous values, so this is triggered only once per taxonomy.
		$this->options['language_taxonomies'] = array_merge( $known_taxonomies, $new_taxonomies );
		update_option( 'polylang', $this->options );
	}

	/**
	 * Updates or adds new terms for a secondary language taxonomy (aka not 'language').
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @param string            $slug       Language term slug (with or without the `pll_` prefix).
	 * @param string            $name       Language name (label).
	 * @param PLL_Language|null $language   Optional. A language object. Required to update the existing terms.
	 * @param string[]          $taxonomies Optional. List of language taxonomies to deal with. An empty value means
	 *                                      all of them. Defauls to all taxonomies.
	 * @return void
	 *
	 * @phpstan-param non-empty-string $slug
	 * @phpstan-param non-empty-string $name
	 * @phpstan-param array<non-empty-string> $taxonomies
	 */
	protected function update_secondary_language_terms( $slug, $name, PLL_Language $language = null, array $taxonomies = array() ) {
		$slug = 0 === strpos( $slug, 'pll_' ) ? $slug : "pll_$slug";

		foreach ( $this->translatable_objects->get_secondary_translatable_objects() as $object ) {
			if ( ! empty( $taxonomies ) && ! in_array( $object->get_tax_language(), $taxonomies, true ) ) {
				// Not in the list.
				continue;
			}

			if ( ! empty( $language ) ) {
				$term_id = $language->get_tax_prop( $object->get_tax_language(), 'term_id' );
			} else {
				$term_id = 0;
			}

			if ( empty( $term_id ) ) {
				// Attempt to repair the language if a term has been deleted by a database cleaning tool.
				wp_insert_term( $name, $object->get_tax_language(), array( 'slug' => $slug ) );
				continue;
			}

			/** @var PLL_Language $language */
			if ( "pll_{$language->slug}" !== $slug || $language->name !== $name ) {
				// Something has changed.
				wp_update_term( $term_id, $object->get_tax_language(), array( 'slug' => $slug, 'name' => $name ) );
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the list of available languages, based on the language taxonomy terms.
	 * Stores the list in a db transient and in a `PLL_Cache` object.
	 *
	 * @since 3.4
	 *
	 * @return PLL_Language[] An array of `PLL_Language` objects, array keys are the type.
	 *
	 * @phpstan-return list<PLL_Language>
	 */
	protected function get_languages_from_taxonomies() {
		$terms_by_slug = array();

		foreach ( $this->get_language_terms() as $term ) {
			// Except for language taxonomy term slugs, remove 'pll_' prefix from the other language taxonomy term slugs.
			$key = 'language' === $term->taxonomy ? $term->slug : substr( $term->slug, 4 );
			$terms_by_slug[ $key ][ $term->taxonomy ] = $term;
		}

		/**
		 * @var (
		 *     array{
		 *         string: array{
		 *             language: WP_Term,
		 *         }&array<non-empty-string, WP_Term>
		 *     }
		 * ) $terms_by_slug
		 */
		$languages = array_filter(
			array_map(
				array( new PLL_Language_Factory( $this->options ), 'get_from_terms' ),
				array_values( $terms_by_slug )
			)
		);

		/**
		 * Filters the list of languages *before* it is stored in the persistent cache.
		 * /!\ This filter is fired *before* the $polylang object is available.
		 *
		 * @since 1.7.5
		 * @since 3.4 Deprecated.
		 * @deprecated
		 *
		 * @param PLL_Language[] $languages The list of language objects.
		 * @param PLL_Model      $model     PLL_Model object.
		 */
		$languages = apply_filters_deprecated( 'pll_languages_list', array( $languages, $this ), '3.4', 'pll_additional_language_data' );

		if ( ! $this->are_languages_ready() ) {
			// Do not cache an incomplete list.
			/** @var list<PLL_Language> $languages */
			return $languages;
		}

		/**
		 * Don't store directly objects as it badly break with some hosts ( GoDaddy ) due to race conditions when using object cache.
		 * Thanks to captin411 for catching this!
		 *
		 * @see https://wordpress.org/support/topic/fatal-error-pll_model_languages_list?replies=8#post-6782255
		 */
		$languages_data = array_map(
			function ( $language ) {
				return $language->to_array( 'db' );
			},
			$languages
		);

		set_transient( 'pll_languages_list', $languages_data );

		/** @var list<PLL_Language> $languages */
		return $languages;
	}

	/**
	 * Returns the list of existing language terms.
	 * - Returns all terms, that are or not assigned to posts.
	 * - Terms are ordered by `term_group` and `term_id` (see `PLL_Model->filter_language_terms_orderby()`).
	 *
	 * @since 3.2.3
	 *
	 * @return WP_Term[]
	 */
	protected function get_language_terms() {
		add_filter( 'get_terms_orderby', array( $this, 'filter_language_terms_orderby' ), 10, 3 );
		$terms = get_terms(
			array(
				'taxonomy'   => $this->translatable_objects->get_taxonomy_names( array( 'language' ) ),
				'orderby'    => 'term_group',
				'hide_empty' => false,
			)
		);
		remove_filter( 'get_terms_orderby', array( $this, 'filter_language_terms_orderby' ) );

		return empty( $terms ) || is_wp_error( $terms ) ? array() : $terms;
	}
}
